Tasty Recipes from Recipe Wizards

Horticulturists at Pennsylvania State University have come up with a low-cost, green method for recycling so-called “gray” water – the stuff from sinks, showers and washing machines that would otherwise go down the drain.

They filter the water through some plant roots and layers of crushed stone, peat moss and waste materials – making it clean enough to reuse for growing vegetables or flushing toilets – but not for drinking.

Using gray water is generally not allowed in the United States, but some states have explored the idea. The Penn State researchers hope their data – which show such biofilters can remove almost all suspended solids, nitrogen compounds and other pollutants from gray water – might lead to greater acceptance.

Meanwhile, such filters could be used in poor nations that lack adequate water for sanitation and irrigation, said Robert D. Berghage, associate professor of horticulture.

Robert Cameron, the doctoral student on the project, presented the research this month at a sustainable-farming meeting in Cuba.

The system consists of two plastic pipes filled with layers of porous rocks, soil, crumbs from discarded tires, composted cow manure and peat moss. Vegetables and other plants are planted in holes along the sides of the pipes.

The pipes stand in a basin with still more plants – papyrus and horsetail reed – whose roots support microbes that remove pollutants.

Each material in the pipes removes different contaminants, though the tire crumbs are there mainly as filler. Tire crumbs also contain contaminants, but tests showed they are not released into the water, Berghage says.

With enough treatment, you could even drink water that goes through such filters, Berghage says. He admits that this wouldn’t gain wide acceptance, even though drinking-water plants already treat water from rivers that receive treated waste.

“Most of us have this sort of aversion to drinking treated wastewater,” he says, “even though much of the time we’re doing it anyway.”

Rarely recognized as haute cuisine, collard greens are downright presidential these days, thanks to the White House vegetable garden. Michelle Obama’s recent harvest of a healthy crop of collards and other greens occasioned many photo ops and gave the first lady a chance to talk of the garden as an edible lesson “about health and how delicious it is to eat fresh food.”

This is not the first time vegetables have sprung from White House grounds. The presidential precedent dates back to 1800 and John Adams, who started growing vegetables, not to teach a lesson but to save money. While it’s unknown what Adams grew, collards seem a good bet. They’re easy to grow and forgiving, with thick but elegant paddle-shaped leaves that can withstand extreme temperatures – even southern Florida’s summer heat.

When it comes to economy, collards deliver. They’re fresh, local and just a dollar a pound in markets now. Julius Caesar (for whom July was named) is said to have treated collard greens as medicine, eating them after banquets for nutrition and digestion.

Like its relatives, kale and broccoli, collard greens are rich in cancer-fighting antioxidants as well as vitamins. One cup of cooked collards delivers your full daily vitamin A, half your C and more than 800 percent of your vitamin K, as well as significant amounts of minerals including potassium and zinc.

Southern tradition calls for collards to be braised or boiled with pig parts, but we veg heads know better: Try them, shredded and raw, in that summer staple, coleslaw. Yet another president, Thomas Jefferson, would approve: He’s reputed to have preferred salads to all other foods.

With so much nutrition for so little money, a cool plate of raw collards might become your favorite, too. Eat up – one cup has but 11 calories. It’s the all-American thing to do.

BLACK BEAN AND COLLARD GREEN SALAD

Here, Hoppin’ John, the traditional Southern dish of black-eyed peas and collards, gets a lightened-up salsa-fied, South Florida makeover. It’s a sturdy salad perfect for a July Fourth buffet.

About 1 dozen collard leaves (for 1-1/2 cups shredded, packed)

Grated zest of 1 lemon

4 tablespoons fresh lemon juice (about 2 lemons)

4 tablespoons olive oil

2 teaspoons cumin

2 cups diced ripe tomato (about 2 medium tomatoes)

1/3 cup chopped scallions (about 3 scallions)

1 (15-ounce) can black beans, rinsed and drained

1/2 cup chopped fresh cilantro

Pinch of sea salt, or to taste

Dash of hot sauce, if desired

Rinse collard leaves well and blot dry. Discard thick center stems and stack leaves for easy cutting. Roll up leaves and use a knife to shred into skinny ribbons. (Or process rolled leaves with shredding blade of a food processor.)

Place lemon zest and juice, olive oil and cumin in a large bowl; whisk to combine. Add shredded collards, stir to combine and set aside while you dice tomatoes and chop scallions. Add them to the bowl and mix.

Add black beans and cilantro; toss gently. Season to taste. Salad may be served at this point or covered and chilled. Makes 6 to 8 servings.

Per serving: 163.7 calories (50 percent from fat), 9.5 g fat (1.3 g saturated, 6.7 g monounsaturated), 0 cholesterol, 5.2 g protein, 16.2 g carbohydrates, 6.1 g fiber, 306.3 mg sodium.

(Ellen Kanner writes about vegetarian concerns. She blogs at www.edgyveggie1.blogspot.com. Email her at ekanner(AT)MiamiHerald.com)